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A sexual problem, or sexual dysfunction, refers to a problem
during any phase of the
sexual response cycle that prevents the individual or couple from
experiencing satisfaction from the sexual activity. The sexual response cycle
has four phases: excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution.
While research suggests that sexual dysfunction is common (43%
of women and 31% of men report some degree of difficulty), it is a topic that
many people are hesitant to discuss. Fortunately, most cases of sexual
dysfunction are treatable, so it is important to share your concerns with your
partner and doctor.
What Causes Sexual Problems?
Sexual dysfunction can be a result of a physical or
psychological problem.
-
Physical causes. Many physical and/or medical conditions can cause
problems with sexual function. These conditions include diabetes, heart
disease, neurological diseases, hormonal imbalances, menopause, chronic
diseases such as kidney disease or liver failure, and alcoholism and drug
abuse. In addition, the side effects of certain medications, including some
antidepressant drugs, can affect sexual desire and function. -
Psychological causes. These include work-related stress and anxiety,
concern about sexual performance, marital or relationship problems, depression,
feelings of guilt, and the effects of a past sexual trauma.
Who Is Affected by Sexual Problems?
Both men and women are affected by sexual problems. Sexual problems occur in
adults of all ages. Among those commonly affected are those in the geriatric
population, which may be related to a decline in health associated with
aging.
How Do Sexual Problems Affect Women?
The most common problems related to sexual dysfunction in women
include:
-
Inhibited sexual desire. This involves a lack of sexual desire or
interest in sex. Many factors can contribute to a lack of desire, including
hormonal changes, medical conditions and treatments (for example cancer and
chemotherapy), depression, pregnancy, stress and fatigue. Boredom with regular
sexual routines also may contribute to a lack of enthusiasm for sex, as can
lifestyle factors, such as careers and the care of children. -
Inability to become aroused. For women, the inability to become
physically aroused during sexual activity often involves insufficient vaginal
lubrication. The inability to become aroused also may be related to anxiety or
inadequate stimulation. In addition, researchers are investigating how blood
flow problems affecting the vagina and clitoris may contribute to arousal
problems. -
Lack of orgasm (anorgasmia). This is the absence of sexual climax
(orgasm). It can be caused by sexual inhibition, inexperience, lack of
knowledge and psychological factors such as guilt, anxiety, or a past sexual
trauma or abuse. Other factors contributing to anorgasmia include insufficient
stimulation, certain medications, and chronic diseases. -
Painful intercourse. Pain during intercourse can be caused by a
number of problems, including
endometriosis, a pelvic mass, ovarian cysts,
vaginitis, poor lubrication, the presence of scar tissue from surgery, or asexually transmitted disease. A condition called vaginismus is a painful,
involuntary spasm of the muscles that surround the vaginal entrance. It may
occur in women who fear that penetration will be painful and also may stem from
a sexual phobia or from a previous traumatic or painful experience.
How Is a Female Sexual Problem Diagnosed?
The doctor likely will begin with a physical exam and a
thorough evaluation of symptoms and a physical exam. The doctor may perform a
pelvic examination to evaluate the health of the reproductive organs and a
Pap smear to detect changes in the cells of the cervix (to check for cancer
or a pre-cancerous condition). He or she may order other tests to rule out any
medical problems that may be contributing to the problem.
An evaluation of your attitude regarding sex, as well as other
possible contributing factors (fear, anxiety, past sexual trauma/abuse,
relationship problems, alcohol or drug abuse, etc.) will help the doctor
understand the underlying cause of the problem and make appropriate
recommendations for treatment.
Read http://women.webmd.com/guide/sexual-dysfunction-women
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